The largest collection of specific knowledge anywhere, and the quality depends entirely on which subreddit you land in. Search it with a site: query rather than its own search.
Where the answer comes from a person
Forums and networks ranked on the ratio of useful answers to noise. Every one of them is only as good as the moderation, which is why the small ones often win.
The comment section is the product: the links are often ordinary and the discussion under them is where the expertise shows up. Useless as a news feed, excellent as a filter.
The network beyond programming: mathematics, physics, history, bicycles, photography. Each site has its own standard, and the strict ones are the useful ones.
Lobsters
LobstersSmaller and quieter than Hacker News, with an invite tree that keeps the volume down. The same links, fewer of them, better comments.
Tildes
TildesNonprofit, no advertising, and moderation rules that are written down and enforced. Aimed at discussion rather than engagement, which is a rare combination.
MetaFilter
MetaFilterOne of the oldest communities still running, paid membership and all. Slow by modern standards, and the slowness is why people are still civil there.
Mastodon
Mastodon gGmbHFederated social networking where the instance you join sets the rules. Its advantage and its friction are the same thing: nobody owns the whole thing.
Lemmy
Open sourceThe federated version of the link-aggregator idea, small enough that the conversation stays in one place. Worth knowing if you liked the old internet.
A writing community rather than a forum, with a low barrier and the resulting quality spread. Good for finding out what people are actually using.
Indie Hackers
StripePeople who publish their own revenue numbers, which makes it the only place where business advice comes with a receipt attached.
Discourse
DiscourseThe forum software most projects end up self-hosting, and its threads are indexed and searchable rather than trapped in a chat log.
Discord
DiscordWhere open-source projects actually answer questions now, which is a problem as much as a fact: chat is not searchable, so the same question gets asked again every week.
Matrix
Matrix.org FoundationAn open protocol for chat rather than a chat product, which means you can run your own server and still talk to everyone else. Bridging is the feature.
Libera.Chat
Libera.ChatIRC, still the support channel for a lot of infrastructure projects. Text only, no history by default, and that turns out to be a feature for getting a straight answer.
Zhihu
ZhihuThe Chinese answer site, strongest on professional and technical questions and weakest the further you get from those. Long-form answers are the reason to read it.
V2EX
V2EXA Chinese developer forum with a membership fee that keeps the drive-by posting down. Small, opinionated, and unusually good at practical questions.
Juejin
JuejinThe Chinese equivalent of a developer blogging platform, heavy on frontend and on framework tutorials. Useful for seeing what the domestic stack is doing.
GitHub Discussions
GitHubThe project’s own forum, which beats a chat room because the answer stays attached to the repository and shows up in search.
Are.na
Are.naCollecting and connecting things rather than posting them, with no engagement metrics at all. The closest thing to browsing someone’s actual research process.
Wikipedia talk pages
WikimediaThe argument behind every article, visible and archived. The most reliable way to find out whether a fact is settled or merely uncontested.
Sources and method
The ranking is ours. Anything on this page that can be checked is checked against a named source, and the date we last opened that source is printed with it. If a figure and our verdict disagree, trust the figure and follow the link.
No site is listed twice. A listing means we used it for a month first, and a free tier only counts as free if it survives the trial period.